What Causes The Polarization On People - 934 Words

What causes the polarization on people in the world? Many people in the world do not have enough food to eat. However, some people can eat different kinds of food. As we can see in the picture, a skinny man with an empty planet is sitting opposite to the strong man with a hamburger in his hand. Both of them are hungry, but the skinny man does not have food and he looks really uncomfortable. The strong man is fat and he is going to eat the hamburger. The picture shows the realistic on the society. Many people in poor areas do not have enough food to eat, at the same time; some people would like to eat unhealthy food in rich areas and caused the obesity. According to the Latest Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics from 2015, there are 795 million hungry people in the worlds (who are the hungry?). It shows that 11% of people do not have enough food in the world. Actually, the geographic position and diet are the important reasons to cause the polarization in different areas. Firstly, the geography takes an important role on the polarization on food in different areas. Some cities located in the places with the bad weather, the extreme lands and the temperature are changeable in those places. However, some crops require comfortable weather and suitable lands to grow. For example, Rice, Maize and Wheat are the important food for people to eat. â€Å"Wheat grows in temperate climates and maize and rice crops are more productive in temperate and subtropical climates thanShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Political Polarization1025 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical polarization was formed, and the impact it has on government in modern day. Polarization has varied significantly over the years ever since the 1970’s. However, what is the true cause and can it be explained? This paper will discuss some theories on how political polarization came about, and analyzes some accounts of polarization overall. Defining political polarization is vital into developing an und erstanding of how or why it was initially formed. Political polarization can be analyzedRead MorePolarization Between American Politics And Politics1266 Words   |  6 PagesAs with much political science, the concept of polarization can be a bit murky. Inferring from the term itself, one could say that polarization in American politics refers to a widening of the gap between what could be called the average left-wing and right-wing politician, voter, or ideology on a standard political spectrum. Another examination of the term could result in a definition regarding the lack of cooperation between the two major American political parties. Although, it would be more accurateRead MoreAnalysis Of Divided We Now Stand Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesThose credible writers all agree that polarization and tribalism affect politicians and citizens. Thus, creating a dysfunctional Washington. Many Americans are aware of the polarization that exists within them and within the government. However, people do not realize the extent of the polarization and the effect that it has on government functions. Susan Page, author of â€Å"Divided We Now Stand† explains that many Americans are aware of the increasing polarization, when a political party influences theRead MoreThe Polarization Of America s Political Parties916 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 8 of his book Red State, Blue State, Rich State, Poor State, Gelman discusses the polarization of America’s political parties. It is often stated that America is becoming more polarized, but the only evidence thus far is that politicians are the ones who are actually further apart. People complain that polarization is breaking the country apart and impeding government action. On the other hand, polarization does have certain benefits in that it makes it easier for uniformed voters to easily selectRead MorePolitical Pola rization Vs Deliberative Poll1747 Words   |  7 PagesMena Soliman Prof. Loren Eason WR 39C 11 November 2015 Political Polarization Vs Deliberative Poll It is not a coincidence that the increased availability of news sources has been accompanied by increasing political polarization. Over time, polarization appears to have spread to the level of mass public opinion (Abramowitz Saunders, 2006; Jacobson, 2006; Abrams, Pope, 2005). For instance, in U.S. politics, Democrats’ and Republicans’ negative evaluations of a president of the other party haveRead MoreTo persuade my audience that a parliamentary system is useful in the US. I. Introduction A.1200 Words   |  5 Pageswith federal employees like TSA and undisclosed people to overview the problem of partisanship. I have also done rigorous research for this difficult topic. D. Preview of Main Points: What problems revolve with Political Polarization and whom does it begin with? Who influences Political Polarization? Who does Political Polarization effect? What does Political Polarization affect? What possible solutions are there to resolve Political Polarization? II. In a multi-party system like the US, governmentRead MoreCauses of Genocide Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pages Genocide is an action that is not unique to any one set of specific circumstances. It knows no bounds of time or location. From thousands or years ago to present day and on every civilized continent, the eradication of entire groups of people has occurred. The current definition of genocide was established by the United Nations in 1948: â€Å"(a) Killing members of [a] group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of lifeRead MoreThe Plagues And Profits Of Polarization1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe Plagues and Profits of Polarization In 1796, in his Farewell Address, George Washington warned against the â€Å"party passions† that weaken public administration, afflict the community, promote animosity between different sectors, and as a result, render the American nation vulnerable to foreign invasion. Political polarization is most simply defined as the divide between Liberals and Conservatives or between Republicans and Democrats. According to measurements from DW-NOMINATE, a system thatRead MoreWiser, By Reid Hastie1518 Words   |  7 Pagesto speak is the most important and causes the group members to withhold crucial information. Group members don’t voice their opinions and assume that each individual came to that conclusion independently which can be dangerous. For when members don’t voice opinions they don’t challenge the process to how each came the conclusion and don’t want to change their mind due to group polarization. There is a strong link between Cascade Effects and Group Polarization; where group members can become veryRead MoreExamining Low Young Voter Turnout1193 Words   |  5 Pageselected representatives are elected to represent the interests of their constituency’s. These constituencies consist of people from all different walks of life and of various ages, including young voters, all forming a melting pot of interests. When considering elections and making legislative decisions our representative’s take into account this whole population of voters. After all, what incentive do our representatives have to legislate the interests of those that don’t vote? Furthermore, that’s assuming

Mr. Powers Of The Constitution Essay - 978 Words

Mr. Powers was arrested and charged based on two pieces of evidence that were discovered by police during a warrantless search of his tent and toolbox. The issue at hand is whether this search and the subsequent seizure of the items in question violated the constitutional rights afforded to Mr. Powers by the Fourth Amendment, thus providing adequate legal grounds for a court to suppress the items pursuant to the exclusionary rule of evidence. Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961). A court would likely find that Mr. Powers had a reasonable expectation of privacy in both his tent and his toolbox, and thus that the wire cutters and spool of copper wire are inadmissible due to the fact that they were discovered in violation of the Constitution. The Fourth Amendment states that â€Å"[the] right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† U.S. Const. amend. IV. The purpose of this guarantee is to prevent the government from unjustly laying claim to any information, items, or persons captured from such an intrusion. There are two key elements to a Fourth Amendment analysis. First, a party claiming protection under the Fourth Amendment must demonstrate that there was in fact an â€Å"unreasonable† search and/or seizure.Show MoreRelatedConstitutional Research Paper1011 Words   |  5 PagesKingshuk Daschowdhury Mrs. Graham History 8 2B 18 December 2017 Quarter Two Constitutional Convention Project State Background The Delaware Colony was founded by Peter Minuit. However, it became the first U.S state that was established in December 7, 1787. Delaware was the first colony to be approved as a state by the Federal Constitution. Based on the census conducted in 1790, Delawares population consisted of 50,209 free people and 8,887 slaves. In proportion to other states, DelawareRead MoreEssay about Confederation and Constitution1652 Words   |  7 PagesConfederation and Constitution After the American Revolution, a new government had to be established. The Constitution that was written took power away from the people. It led to rebellions from poor people and farmers. Daniel Shays, a former Revolutionary Army captain, led a rebellion with farmers, against laws which were not fair to the poor. They protested against excessive taxes on property, polling taxes which obtained the poor from voting, unfair actions by the court of common requestsRead MoreThe Founding Fathers Of The United States841 Words   |  4 Pagesare must welcome. May I ask your name and what year is this? Me: Yes Sir, My name is Pearl Lilly and I am a current Public Administration student and this is the years of 2016and I welcome you. Me: Sir, can you describe your position during the Constitution Convention. Benjamin Franklin: time was surely different, being that there are 10 founding fathers and that I would was having a conversation with George Washington, John Adams, and the others. I am Benjamin Franklin, I was one of the â€Å"first personsRead MoreThomas Jeffersons Presidential Legacy Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam and Mary and then read the law. In 1772, he married a widow lady, Martha Skelton and he took her to live at his partially completed home at Monticello, the plantation consisting of approximately 5,000 acres that he inherited from his father. Mr. Jefferson was considered to be a gifted writer, but he was not a public speaker. He wrote his support for the patriotic cause in the House of Burgesses and the Continental congresses but he did not give any speeches. He was a silent member, and asRead MoreSources of Law1190 Words   |  5 PagesA body of binding rules of Law Constitution Primary Legislation Subsidiary Legislation 2 3/25/2010 THE CONSTITUTION 3 3/25/2010 ï  ½ Supreme Law of the Land Section 2 of the Constitution: â€Å"This Constitution is the supreme law of Mauritius, and if any other law is inconsistent with this Constitution, that other law shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be void.† ï  ½ ï  ½ The Supreme Court is the guardian of the Constitution It is empowered to strike down anyRead MoreBackground Facts In Lily Thomas V. Union Of India the writ petition was filed as Public Interest1200 Words   |  5 PagesBackground Facts In Lily Thomas V. Union Of India the writ petition was filed as Public Interest Litigation for mainly declaring sub-section (4) of Section 8 of the Representation of the People Act (hereinafter Act), 1951 as ultra vires the Constitution. The (now struck down) section 8(4) stated- Notwithstanding anything [in sub- section (1), sub-section (2) or sub-section (3)] a disqualification under either subsection shall not, in the case of a person who on the date of the conviction is a memberRead MoreHow Democracy Is Influenced On Democracy1310 Words   |  6 PagesHow The Constitution’s Affects Democracy Ayanna Schoolfield Mrs. Cranon- Charles Political Science 13 November 2015 Ayanna Schoolfield Mrs. Cranon-Charles Political Science November 13, 2015 Before we take a look on how democracy is influenced and what role does the Constitution play when discussing the effects on democracy, we must first know what democracy is. The formal definition of democracy is a form of government by the people, but what we need to further evaluate what thisRead MoreThe New Deal s Impact On American History949 Words   |  4 Pagesworking middle class. Thousands of families were forced into poverty, grief-stricken and unemployed business owners, flat broke turned to their government for assistance. Immediate plans of action had to occur thus changing the way we look at our constitution, and the supreme court forever. Definition of American Politics? Conflicts between one nation under god and elected states, and society itself. Turning my attention from the legacy of political action and our constitutional some key focal pointsRead MoreFrederick Douglass Thesis1344 Words   |  6 Pagesreveal the evils of slavery to the wider public in order to g ain support for the abolition of his terrifying practice. Based on the purpose of writing the book and the graphic detail of his stories, Douglass is writing to influence people of higher power, such as abolitionists, to abolish the appalling reality of slavery; developing a sympathetic relationship with the audience. Frederick Douglass, a former slave, asserts that the gaining of knowledge will set him free. The author states, â€Å"I wouldRead MoreDifferences Between The United States Constitution And The Costa Rican Constitution945 Words   |  4 Pagesmost thought worthy point in this Constitution Day Program was when they mentioned that the only way to truly understand one’s own government, other governments must be studied and explored. Otherwise, everything can be exploited or disrespected in their own government. Throughout the program the main topic that is discussed is the similarities and the differences between the United States constitution and the Costa Rican constitution. With the two constitutions there is only a fifteen to twenty

Crimson(1996) by Edge of Sanity free essay sample

Dan Swano and the gang are a Swedish progressive death metal group similar to that of Opeth and even featured Mikeal Akerfeldt in this album. Crimson is one giant track lasting 40 minutes in length and tells the story of a a child who was born to become a god. He then has to get rid of a witch that haunts the world and he can then become the god of the world. The one track present in this album is intimadating due to its length but if you manage to get through it, congrates, you made it through the entire story present in this album. Granted, this isnt the longest song I know(that title goes to Dopesmoker by Sleep which is an hour long), but like I said, the length is intimadating so if you have the courage to go through and listen to this mammoth, youre welcome to jump in. We will write a custom essay sample on Crimson(1996) by Edge of Sanity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This album is now officially in my top 10 because of Swanos cleverness, talent, and absolute genius behind this album. Of course the one problem I have with this is the small bits of repitition in this album, its everywhere. To some, the length can also be a turn off because, well, we must all have ADD or something. All in all, it is a wonderful release in my eyes, keep it up guys. Your doing great. Thats all I have to say for this album so I will give it a rating of a 9/10. As always, this is the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Then There Was Nine Essays - United States Courts Of Appeals, Law

Then There Was Nine Housed between the Library of Congress and the Capitol stands the home of United States Supreme Court which is described as "the greatest tribunal in the world, one of the three great elements of our national government." Jeffrey Toobin's book "The Nine" takes an intimate view behind the curtain of the United States Supreme Court and the Judges that are chosen to rule on the law of the land. The following looks into Toobin's definitions of judicial activism, restraint, and independence, how his bias tends to affect his independent analysis of the justices, and what kind of philosophy I would adopt if I were a judge. Judicial activism is defined as court rulings that are made based more on the personal and or political views of the judge or judges presiding over the present case. It is also an attempt in the judicial ruling to rewrite legislation based on the political ideology of the magistrate. The courts have been set up to settle the disputes based on the law while using specifically defined powers. Some may believe that "constitutional law had taken some profoundly wrong turns and they were not shy about demanding that the courts take the lead in restoring the rightful order."(p. 17) Judicial activism can manifest itself as a judge that is basically legislating from the bench. Judicial restraint is characterized more as judges using self-discipline to limit their views whether personal or political when deciding a case. It is the duty of the justices to use constraint when ruling against laws if they truly find that there is evidence that it is truly unconstitutional. The justices must not infuse their beliefs whether personal or political when considering at a case. They must not make laws but interpret them based strictly on constitutional grounds and direct interpretation of the law. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor believed and fought for judicial independence. She stated, "it is the kernel of the rule of law, giving the citizenry confidence that the laws will be fairly and equally applied. (p.291) This "independence" allowed decisions to be made despite interests from the other government branches. This notion is keeping the judiciary branch from being influenced by the other branches, thus maintains the separation of powers. The court justices are appointed; therefore they do not have to worry about reelection for their position. Their tenure is for life, so they do not have to worry about being "politically correct' in their decisions, they must just abide by the Constitution. The President of the United States nominates his judicial candidates based on how they align with his beliefs. This does not necessarily ensure that the justice, once approved, will rule along the same belief as the president. Take for instance Sandra Day O'Connor; she was nominated by the conservative President Ronald Reagan. In her first abortion case, she voted to "uphold the restrictions but never committing to an outright reversal of Roe." She had the opportunity to side with the conservative majority and thus reverse Roe v. Wade, but she took a stand. "A stray observation from a separate opinion by O'Connor had become the law of the land on the most contentious constitutional issue of her time." (p. 69) O'Connor borrowed the phrase "undue burden," which essentially "recast Roe v. Wade which left the right to an abortion. A conservative President's nominee did not follow his beliefs on abortion. In reading "The Nine" by Jeffrey Toobin, one can observe his bias toward the liberal left. Mr. Toobin is a liberal pundit. He demonstrates his bias continually by examining the possibility of the Conservative right taking over and maintaining control of the Court. During the W. Bush years, Toobin stated that the administration and supporters did not want a balanced court, but control. He spoke of the Evangelicals as a religious group that had influence with some of the President's decisions. Jeffrey Toobin examines the pivotal case of Roe v. Wade. His hypothesis is that if a Republican President is granted the opportunity to make appointments to the Supreme Court that Roe will be overturned and abortion will be outlawed. His theory was negated when he used David Souter as an example.

Ancient Chinese Invented Gunpowder

Ancient Chinese Invented Gunpowder Few substances in history have had as profound an effect on human history as gunpowder, yet its discovery in China was an accident. Contrary to myth, it was not simply used for fireworks but was put to military uses from its time of discovery. Eventually, this secret weapon leaked out to the rest of the medieval world. Chinese Alchemists Tinker With Saltpeter and Make Gunpowder Ancient alchemists in China spent centuries trying to discover an elixir of life that would render the user immortal. One important ingredient in many of the failed elixirs was saltpeter, also known as potassium nitrate. During the Tang Dynasty, around 850 A.D., an enterprising alchemist (whose name has been lost to history) mixed 75 parts saltpeter with 15 parts charcoal and 10 parts sulfur. This mixture had no discernable life-lengthening properties, but it did explode with a flash and a bang when exposed to an open flame. According to a text from that era, smoke and flames result, so that [the alchemists] hands and faces have been burnt, and even the whole house where they were working burned down. Use of Gunpowder in China Many western history books over the years have stated that the Chinese used this discovery only for fireworks, but that is not true. Song Dynasty military forces as early as 904 A.D. used gunpowder devices against their primary enemy, the Mongols. These weapons included flying fire (fei huo), an arrow with a burning tube of gunpowder attached to the shaft. Flying fire arrows were miniature rockets, which propelled themselves into enemy ranks and inspired terror among both men and horses. It must have seemed like fearsome magic to the first warriors who were confronted with the power of gunpowder. Other Song military applications of gunpowder included primitive hand grenades, poisonous gas shells, flamethrowers and landmines. The first artillery pieces were rocket tubes made from hollow bamboo shoots, but these were soon upgraded to cast metal. McGill University professor Robin Yates notes that the worlds first illustration of a cannon comes from Song China, in a painting from about 1127 A.D. This depiction was made a century and a half before Europeans began to manufacture artillery pieces. The Secret of Gunpowder Leaks Out of China By the mid- to late-eleventh century, the Song government had become concerned about gunpowder technology spreading to other countries. The sale of saltpeter to foreigners was banned in 1076. Nonetheless, knowledge of the miraculous substance was carried along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East, and Europe. In 1267, a European writer made reference to gunpowder, and by 1280 the first recipes for the explosive mixture were published in the west. Chinas secret was out. Down through the centuries, Chinese inventions have had a profound effect on human culture. Items like paper, the magnetic compass, and silk have diffused around the world. None of those inventions, however, have had quite the impact that gunpowder has, for good and for bad.

Global Leadership essayEssay Writing Service

Global Leadership essayEssay Writing Service Global Leadership essay Global Leadership essayThe paper will focus on cross cultural for Global leaders. Specifically, with regard to global organizations, the paper will also attempt to reconcile the imbalance between global and local concerns by proposing a framework that merges a new understanding of culture with a classical leadership approach. The paper objective is to achieve more effective cross cultural practice. The paper should show the effectiveness of great leaders when they have good communicate skills. This is actually one of the most challenging course a leader will face. Knowing how to communicate will take away the fear of culture shock. Culturally intelligent leaders must understand that the way they communicate is critical to their success. As a global leader, you need to use clear language, which may also determine how much information will need to be imparted in order to achieve the required goal and what the consequences and/or rewards are for the followers. The leader must always lea rn how to adjust their communication style to adjust or transition from one culture to the next.

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example Business managers appreciate cyberspace as a provider of faster medium for communication in organizations. On the other hand, cyber security plays a critical role in ensuring that the organization’s systems and data remain safe against any malicious intent. Software programs, particularly those that run, store and retrieve data from databases remain vulnerable to cyber attacks. Aksoy and DeNardis (2008) define viruses as malicious codes which would be embedded on legitimate programs and get activated with the execution of the program. The authors further note that viruses would propagate from a computer to another. A Trojan horse refers to the virus dissembled in a legitimate program. For example, the Melissa virus known to have been spreading through the internet and which disabled networks was spread when a user opened an infected attachment which caused the virus to be emailed to 50 recipients in the user’s address book which created an exponential increase in the virus-infected messages. Erdbrink (2012) reports how countries such as Iran have spent massive resources in controlling and preventing viruses. Anti-virus programs combat these viruses and keep the system and network safe from virus

Criticize the Cosmological Argument against Atheism Essay

Criticize the Cosmological Argument against Atheism - Essay Example It is also true because science and common sense has confirmed that something cannot come into existence from nothing. The premise also states that the reason why no one has seen something come into existence from nothing is proof that there is a cause for things to come into being (Rutten 45). The first premise has an intuitive appeal. It states that whatever comes into existence has a cause. The cause is what creates something. This means that the universe was impelled by a natural inclination. This is true because nothing in this world has ever come into existence out of nothing. This rebuttal tries to prove that there is no existence of God and that everything happened from nothing. However, supporters of the first premise argument object this rebuttal. The main response to this rebuttal is through the argument that all things which have a beginning in their own existence do have a cause. This means that God was not created. Unlike the universe, God did not come into existence. He has always existed even before the world came into existence (Craig 56). The second premise explains that the world began to exist. This means that the existence of the universe has a beginning. This is supported by the fact that the universe keeps on expanding and growing. The universe has over the years continued to grow and expand from an enormously dense and extremely hot state (Craig 65). This suggests that the universe started from something and continues to grow. However, the premise can be considered to be false due to one main assumption. The assumption is that it’s easy to also take into consideration that the universe, just like the initial cause, has always been in existence and continues to exist. This assumption also puts into consideration that the universe goes through an everlasting cycle of contraction and expansion. A

Influence of face-to-face communication on customer satisfaction Dissertation

Influence of face-to-face communication on customer satisfaction - Dissertation Example The main challenge of this study is the target audience (from the Middle East). There is a constant cultural conflict between Western and Eastern worlds and the sphere of business is not an exception. A high-cultural context of the Middle East countries should be the foremost triggers for the development of service marketing campaigns by the Western partners. There is a strong influence of historical and cultural traditions on business in the Middle East (Smith, Peterson & Thomas, 2008). Patience, loyalty and the conservative nature of the businessmen or customers from the Middle East implies that the Western businessmen should be of high cultural proficiency. For example, face-to-face communication supposes the communication of two individuals from different cultural contexts (a western manager and an eastern service customer). Such issues, as the principle of seniority, respect to the elder people, and low risk-taking behavior of the Easterners should be taken into account while pr oviding them with certain services. This challenge is not facilitated in case telephone or electronic communication means is used. Electronic communication would take less time to deal with the customers, but it does not discard the importance of cultural markers in the process of getting services. Moreover, there is a need to make some changes in the style of communication, when face-to-face communication is an opportunity for single activities (e.g. talking), telephone communication doubles up activities (talking and searching in the Internet). Electronic communication as well as telephone communication consumes less time and is more focused on factual tasks completion (Elving, 2005). The gap in the literature In spite of the fact that cross-cultural communication and means of communication between the companies and customers have been widely discussed, there is a lack of studies focused on an integrative discussion of these issues. Solomon et al. (1985, p.99) propose, that  "the dyadic interaction between a firm and a customer is an important determinant of the customer’s satisfaction†. Further on, the researchers were focused on the growing role of the modern technologies and the Internet (Aron, 2006; Kasper, Helsdingen & Vries, 1999; Little & Little, 2009). The communication between customers and service providers is more effective when they use modern technologies, but at the same time it is also very important to develop face-to-face communication. The advantages of Internet communications is outlined in the following manner: â€Å"Consumers have bargaining power, and they are beginning to  exercise it. They begin to  exercise the right to  know what the price should be† (Steinbock, 2000). On the other hand, Internet communications was considered as inefficient two decades ago. Currently, an important role of virtual communities cannot be denied. Therefore, modern companies should integrate dyadic approach to communication with the customers and business partners, such as personal and virtual communication. Communication in the service marketing Moreover, the specific nature of services  marketing  implies more tricky strategies than in strategies used in product marketing. Thus, for successful operation of the Western service marketing

What is Faith?

What is Faith? What is faith? Many, both inside and outside Christianity, ponder this question every day. How can we define faith, and how can we better understand what true faith looks like? More importantly, what kind of faith does God expect of us? Every one of us exhibits faith in something every day; we have faith that the bus driver knows how to drive the bus, we have faith that the pilot knows how to fly the plane, we have faith that the school teachers know how to educate our children, and for Christians we have faith that God is real and that Jesus died on the cross so our sins can be forgiven. Faith isnt something that we should exhibit only when things are going well, when we feel our circumstances prove that God is real. Corrie ten Boom, most famous for her work helping to hide Jews during WWII said When a train goes through a tunnel and it gets dark, you dont throw away the ticket and jump off. You sit still and trust the engineer.[1] This is true for faith; when something happens and life gets a little dark, we dont assume God has lost control and were headed into a mountain, instead we should trust God all the more, understanding that He has full control. But faith is far more than just this vague belief that God is in the drivers seat, or that whatever happens God will get us through that dark tunnel. In Hebrews 11:1 it is written Faith shows the reality of what we hope for; it is the evidence of things we cannot see. Faith is truth and trust, [2] yet how many of us have the kind of faith that can completely trust in God regardless of our situation? Theres a story about the missionary Hudson Taylor during his first trip to China. Aboard a sailing ship, at one stage there was no wind, and they were close to islands inhabited by tribes of cannibals. With the islands, and cannibals, getting closer the captain asked Hudson if he would pray. Hudson agreed, but only if the captain set the sails, ready for the breeze. With no sign of wind the captain declined, but Hudson stood fast and refused to pray until the sails had been set, ready for the wind he had faith God would send. The captain, eventually, agreed and the crew set the sails, while Hudson set about the task of asking God for the wind to fill them. Sometime later there was a knock at the door and the captain asked Hudson if he was still praying for God to send wind. Hudson indicated he was, to which the captain replied you better stop praying for we have more wind than we can manage![3] Hudson Taylor had no doubt God would send the wind; he had faith in God. In Hebrews 11 we see examples of other expressions of faith, expressions that may seem unbelievable unless you first believe that to God, nothing is impossible. In verse 3 we read that by faith we understand that the entire universe was formed at Gods commandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[4] None of us were there to see this, to witness this great event, and yet by faith we believe and accept this event occurred just how the Bible describes it. Similarly it was by faith that Noah built the Ark even when there was no sign of rain, or when Abraham left his homeland to take his family to a faraway land hed never seen, or when Abraham took the son he had been told would bless the world to offer him as a sacrifice.[5] These events describe how great faith led to a great event; a second chance for all creatures in the Ark, or a new nation that would someday bless the whole world, yet not every instance of great faith resulted in something most would see as positive. In Hebrews 11:35-37 it is written: But others were tortured, refusing to turn from God in order to be set free. They placed their hope in a better life after the resurrection. Some were jeered at, and their backs were cut open with whips. Others were chained in prisons. Some died by stoning, some were sawed in half, and others were killed with the sword.[6] These verses describe people who, because of their faith, refused to reject Jesus even in the face of torture and death. Their faith caused them to trust in salvation and an eternal life, placing God above their own lives. It is only when we come to understand faith as the kind of faith that makes you force a ships captain to set sails while there is no sign of wind, to build a huge ship when there is no sign of rain, or to face torture and death rather than renounce your beliefs, that we approach the level of faith we see throughout the Old and New Testament. In Psalm 26:1 it is written Declare me innocent, O Lord, for I have acted with integrity; I have trusted in the Lord without wavering.[7] Faith is trusting, without wavering. Psalm 37:3-5 Trust in the Lord and do goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Take delight in the Lord Commit everything you do to the Lord. Trust him, and he will help you.[8] All of these describe faith in God, a faith that will see you trust Him through the dark tunnels, when you are stuck in a windless calm, when you are asked to fulfil a ridiculous task, or even when faced with death. True faith will trust God in every situation, no matter what we may face. [1] William K. Volkmer, These Things: A Reference Manual For Discipleship (San Antonio: The Passionate Few, 2016), 249. [2] Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1999), 377. [3] J. Don Jennings, Lifes Great Adventure: Walking With God (Maitland, FL: Xuton Press, 2011), 252-253. [4] Hebrews 11:3 NLT (New Living Translation). [5] Hebrews 11:7-10, 17-19 NLT (New Living Translation). [6] Hebrews 11:35-37 NLT (New Living Translation). [7] Psalm 26:1 NLT (New Living Translation). [8] Psalm 37:3-5 NLT (New Living Translation).

Crude oil and its value to society

Although crude oil may look like earths natural pollution, behind that thick black exterior lies one of the most important raw materials on earth. Crude oil is formed when dying plants and animals become immediately covered by sediments in seas and swamps. This prevents them from decaying and as further sediments build up the plant and animals become buried deeper and deeper. Now this takes place over millions of years and immense pressure and heat (120oc) build up and eventually these organisms turn to oil. Now this raw material is given the name as a fossil fuel because of the fact that it is the fossils remains that are turning into the oil. It can be said that when we are burning the fossil fuel we are in fact using the sun's energy which has been stored as chemical energy in the fossils for millions of years. The relative high carbon content is due to small microscopic plankton organisms.Coke and Pepsi On average, crude oils are made of the following elements or compounds: * Carbon – 84% * Hydrogen – 14% * Sulfur – 1 to 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur) * Nitrogen – less than 1% (basic compounds with amine groups) * Oxygen – less than 1% (found in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids) * Metals – less than 1% (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic) * Salts – less than 1% (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride) Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons which are basically molecules which contain hydrogen and carbon. The hydrocarbons may vary in length and structure, from straight to branching chains and rings. Now hydrocarbons are the reason why crude oil is so important because it can do two things. 1. Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy which can be used by man to do numerous tasks e.g. electricity generation, transport, heat etc 2. Hydrocarbons can take many different forms. The smallest formation of hydrocarbons is methane which is a gas that is lighter than air. Longer chains with 5 or more carbons are liquids whilst very long formations may be solid like wax. This is the reason why hydrocarbons are so important is because it is so versatile. By chemically cross linking hydrocarbon chains you can produce almost anything from synthetic rubber to Kerosene. In fact 70% of Britain's organic chemicals are produced due to the hydrocarbons present in crude oil. The major classes of hydrocarbons in crude oils include: * Paraffins * general formula: CnH2n+2 (n is a whole number, usually from 1 to 20) * straight- or branched-chain molecules * can be gasses or liquids at room temperature depending upon the molecule * examples: methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane * Aromatics * general formula: C6H5 – Y (Y is a longer, straight molecule that connects to the benzene ring) * ringed structures with one or more rings * rings contain six carbon atoms, with alternating double and single bonds between the carbons * typically liquids * examples: benzene * Napthenes or Cycloalkanes * general formula: CnH2n (n is a whole number usually from 1 to 20) * ringed structures with one or more rings * rings contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms * typically liquids at room temperature * examples: cyclohexane, methyl cyclopentane * Other hydrocarbons * Alkenes * general formula: CnH2n (n is a whole number, usually from 1 to 20) * linear or branched chain molecules containing one carbon-carbon double-bond * can be liquid or gas * examples: ethylene, butene, isobutene * Dienes and Alkynes * general formula: CnH2n-2 (n is a whole number, usually from 1 to 20) * linear or branched chain molecules containing two carbon-carbon double-bonds * can be liquid or gas * examples: acetylene, butadienes However, before we get products such as synthetic rubber the crude oil must be extracted from its reserves and then processed. Today the leading producers of crude oil include, Texas, California, Alaska, Iran, Kuwait, the middle-east etc. As you can see oil can be found all over the world and therefore different extraction methods are put into progress. Before an oil-rig/well is dug, scientific methods are put into place to determine where to find the oil. Gravimeters and magnetometers and seismographs are used to identify the subsurface rock formations which could hold crude oil. Drilling for the crude oil can be extremely difficult due to these conditions and is often a risky process e.g. some wells must be dug 7 miles deep before some oil stores are found. Today much of the oil extraction is located off shore on platforms standing on the ocean bed. In order for the oil to come up to the oil rig it has to be pumped up by using water, gas or air to force it out. Once the oil has been collected it is often transported by tanker or pipeline to the refinery. Crude oil in its raw form is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons where the hydrocarbons are of varied mass, have differing boiling temperatures and differing lengths. Now as I have mentioned previously these hydrocarbons can be very useful but before we can use them they must be made into smaller more useful hydrocarbons. This state can be achieved through a process called fractional distillation. The technique for this process uses the differing boiling temperatures of the molecules in the crude oil so that all differing molecules can be separated. The long chained hydrocarbons are broken down into narrower fractions where the boiling point amongst that fraction does not vary immensely. This process takes place in a specially designed fractional distillation column. Process 1. Crude oil is vaporized by passing through pipes in a furnace where the oil is heated to 600 degrees Celsius. 2. The oil will then boil forming vapor (gas) 3. The oil is then fed into the distillation chamber towards the bottom. 4. The distillation chamber may be 100m high and consist of vertically stacking rows of steel trays. The trays have many holes (bubble caps) in them to allow the vapor and the liquids to pass through them. The trays will help to collect the liquids that form at various heights in the column. The liquids will flow down the tray over a wier. 5. The reason why the oil is separated into narrower fractions can be explained by looking at the temperature gradient in the column. At the bottom of the tank it is extremely hot due to the freshly fed oil vapor and at the top it is cool. As the vapor passes through the tray it will come into contact with a slightly cooler liquid. This causes some of the hydrogen molecules to condense in that tray causing more violate hydrocarbons in the liquid to evaporate. This process will take place at each tray and in each tray a unique narrow range of hydrocarbons with similar properties will form. After approx 45 condensations and evaporations have taken place the crude oil has been separated into fractions. 6. The collected liquid fractions may either pass to condensers, which cool them further, and then go to storage tanks. Or go to other areas for further chemical processing. The more volatile hydrocarbons with the low boiling point form at the top of the tank and the least volatile hydrocarbons with high boiling point at the bottom. Once operating the column may be kept in an equilibrium state by maintaining the input of the crude oil at a flow rate which balances the total of the flow rate at which the fractions are removed. When a steady state exists the compositions of the liquid and vapor at any one tray do not vary. This enables the fractions at each tray to be drawn individually when required. Each tray will contain a narrow range of fractions with a narrow range of boiling points. The fractional distillation column will separate the crude oil into the following fractions: Refinery gasses, gasoline and naphtha, Kerosene, gas (diesel), oil and residue. Refinery gasses – Consist of simple alkanes containing up to four carbon atoms. They are used as fuels or as a source for building other molecules. Gasoline – Contains Alkanes with 5 – 10 carbons in the chain and is used in petrol. Naphtha – Most important source of chemicals for the chemical process industry. Kerosene – is used for jet fuel and domestic heating. Gas oil – is used as diesel fuel and as a feedstock for catalyst cracking. Residue – used as a source of lubricating oils and wax and bitumen. Bitumen – when mixed with crushed stone is the tarmac compound used for road surfaces. Although the crude oil has been separated into useful fraction, some of the separated ‘trays' can be further processed to form products that are even more useful. Cracking – To obtain more useful alkanes and alkenes Heating the oil fractions with a catalyst. Under these conditions it can brake-down high molecular mass alkanes into low molecular mass alkanes as well as alkenes. The cracking is a random process by which both C-H and C-C bonds can be broken. Therefore it is possible for by products to be produced like: Hydrogen and branched chain alkane isomers. For example Decane can be broken into: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 (Decane) H | à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CH3CH2CH=CH2 + H3C- C-CH3CH2CH3 (But-1-ene) | CH3 (2-methylpentane) Decane is broken into these two isomers because there is a larger requirement for small chain isomers than larger ones. After the cracking the hot vaporized oil fraction and the catalyst behave as a fluid. This is called the fluidized bed. Some of the hydrocarbon fraction can be broke down into carbon which can block the pores of the catalyst. We can recycle the catalyst by pumping it into the regeneration chamber where the carbon coke is burnt off in air at high temperatures. Isomerisation Is the process which we use to obtain branched alkanes. The process involves heating the straight chain alkanes with platinum catalyst to form Branched chain alkanes: CH3 | CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ H3C-C-CH2CH3 | CH3 (Hexane) (2,2-dimethylbutane) However these newly formed branched chain alkanes have to be separated from the straight chain alkanes and this is done by a molecular sieve. The sieve is a type of zeolite that has pores through which the straight chain alkanes can pass through but the branched chain alkanes cannot due to there bulky shape and thus they are separated off. The straight chain alkanes may then be recycled to the reactor. Reforming This involves the conversion of alkanes to cycloalkanes or cycloalkanes to arenes using a bimetallic catalyst. For example a cluster of platinum and rhenium atoms is very effective in removing hydrogen atoms from methylcyclohexane to form methylbenzene. (Methylcyclohexane) (Methylbenzene) A catalyst containing Clusters of iridium atoms and platinum enables conversions of straight chain alkanes to arenes: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 + 4H2 (Hexane) The metal clusters have to be between 1 and 5nm thick and are deposited on an inert support such as aluminum oxide. The Rhenium and the iridium help prevent the build up of carbon deposits which reduce the activity of the catalyst. Why are Alkanes fuels? The reason for this is because of their reaction with oxygen. Alkane (fuel) + Oxygen (or other oxidizer) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Oxidation products + Energy transfer This basically means that a fuel must react with oxygen to release large amounts of energy and Oxidation products that aren't extremely harmful to mankind. Although different chains of alkanes can produce different energy amounts and byproducts and are used for different purposes, they all comply with this equation. Below I will list the ideal characteristics which all fuels must have. * A fuel must react with an oxidizer to release large amounts of energy. * A Fuel must be oxidized fairly easily, ignite quickly and sustain burning without further intervention. * A fuel should be readily available, in large quantities and at a reasonable price. * A fuel should not burn to give products that are difficult to dispose of, or are unpleasant and harmful. * A fuel should be convenient to store and transport safely without loss. So obviously different fuels are used in different environments. In Industry For example larger fuels that produce a lot of energy that may give off lots of harmful gasses can be used. This is because in industry it will have the relevant equipment to extract the dangerous fumes and dispose of them safely. In homes however where there won't be the relevant equipment to handle toxic fuels, more environmental friendly fuels can be used like gas. And for transport we have to consider the transporting of fuel issue so petrol which is a liquid can be used rather than more environmental friendly hydrogen as there is a possibility of leakage as it is a gas. However the world is subject to change so in 10 years time other fuels maybe used in place of these. Problems with these fuels There are various problems with these fuels. One of the major ones is that we as a nation rely on them too much (Coal, oil and gas). As they are fossil fuels they are in effect none renewable resources. At our rate of consumption it is predicted that these resource will be depleted within 100 years. Also the fossil fuels are the raw materials which supply the feed stock for our chemical industry. They can be processed to produce useful products such as; Polymers, medicines, solvents, adhesives etc. So how long can we afford to burn our chemical feedstock? There is also the issue of carbon dioxide emissions of these fuels. This is the major contributor to the greenhouse effect which causes the temperature of our environment to increase dramatically. Due to this, precautions are being made to reduce these emissions. Britain has been set a target to reduce its emissions by 35%. This could be achieved by the outright ban of coal and oil but nations are reluctant to do this as they have become so reliant on these resources. There is also the possibility of a spillage which can pollute rivers and streams and the environment. This can cause death to animals and plant life and there is also the enormous cost of cleaning it up after the disaster. If the carbon based fuel does not completely combust in the furnaces, carbon monoxide is produced and this can cause death by interfering with the blood stream. 2C + O2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2CO (impartial oxidation to give carbon monoxide) Also sulphur and nitrogen dioxide can be produced which contribute to harmful acid rain. Development of renewable resources As our reserves of fossil fuels are limited we must find alternative sources of energy. In the search for the alternatives, chemists and other scientists are now working to develop renewable resources such as: Biofuels This is when plants are grown to be used directly as fuels e.g. wood, animal waste and plant waste to produce alcohol and using waste products to produce biogas. Advantages – Renewable, help to reduce waste, used with simple technology. Disadvantages – Not large enough supply to replace fossil fuels at present rate of use. Nuclear Fuels Chain reaction involving the nuclei of isotopes of uranium 235 splitting to produce vast amounts of energy. Advantages – No carbon, nitrogen or sulphur as polluting byproducts. Disadvantages – Radioactive waste products are difficult to store and treat; which is a very expensive process Moving air: wind Energy of moving air is transferred into the motion of windmills and wind turbines Advantages – Renewable pollution and waste free; can be used in locality where energy is needed Disadvantages – Expensive, not reliable, noisy and ugly to the environment Hydroelectricity Water stored behind dams and waterfalls can be released and generate electricity by turning a generator. Advantages – Renewable, predictable, waste free and can be used on large scale. Disadvantages – Expensive to install, environmental impact of dams etc. Solar panels Panels of solar heat collectors, used to heat water in parts of world were sun is plentiful. Advantages – Renewable, no pollution Disadvantages – Require a lot of sunshine, Expensive initial cost, Very large scale to be suitable. Hydrogen Hydrogen is extracted quite cheaply from water by electrolysis and is used as a fuel. Advantages – No pollution as water is the only waste product. Disadvantages – Too dangerous and explosive, difficult to store and to use for transport or in domestic situations. Bibliography I would like to thank the following books, websites and teachers which I have used information from: Mrs. Chapman (teacher) www.Howstuffworks.com (website) Microsoft Encarta 2002 (CD ROM) Cambridge chemistry 1 by Brian Ratcliff (Book) Chemists in context Second edition by GC Hill and JS Holman (Book) Please note that I have used the information in no particular order however the information taken exactly from the resources has been written in italic. Matthew Stothers Chemistry

Bpr Business Process Reenigneering

CONTENTS Topics| Page No. | Introduction| 4| Overview| 5| History| 6| BPR Methodology| 7| Advantages and disadvantages of BPR| 9| Case study- I| 11| Case study- II| 13| Conclusion| 24| References| 24| 1. INTRODUCTION Business process re-engineering  is a  business management strategy, originally pioneered in the early 1990s, focusing on the analysis and design of workflows and processes within an organization. BPR aimed to help  organizations  fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve  customer service, cut  operational costs, and become world-class  competitors.In the mid-1990s, as many as 60% of the Fortune  companies claimed to either have initiated reengineering efforts, or to have plans to do so. BPR seeks to help companies radically restructure their organizations by focusing on the ground-up design of their business processes. According to Davenport (1990) a business process is a set of logically related tasks performed to ac hieve a defined business outcome. Re-engineering emphasized a  holistic  focus on business objectives and how processes related to them, encouraging full-scale recreation of processes rather than iterative optimization of sub processes.Business process re-engineering is also known as business process redesign, business transformation, or business process change management. Fig 1 2. OVERVIEW Business process re-engineering (BPR) began as a private sector technique to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, and become world-class competitors. A key stimulus for re-engineering has been the continuing development and deployment of sophisticated information systems and networks.Leading organizations are becoming bolder in using this technology to support innovative business processes, rather than refining current ways of doing work. Reengineering guidance and relationship of Mission and Work Processes to Information Technology. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) is basically rethinking and radically redesigning an organization's existing resources. BPR, however, is more than just business improvising; it is an approach for redesigning the way work is done to better support the organization's mission and reduce costs.Reengineering starts with a high-level assessment of the organization's mission, strategic goals, and customer needs. Basic questions are asked, such as â€Å"Does our mission need to be redefined? Are our strategic goals aligned with our mission? Who are our customers? † An organization may find that it is operating on questionable assumptions, particularly in terms of the wants and needs of its customers. Only after the organization rethinks what it should be doing, does it go on to decide how best to do it.Within the framework of this basic assessment of mission and goals, re-engineering focuses on the organization's business processes†”the steps and procedures that govern how resources are used to create products and services that meet the needs of particular customers or markets. As a structured ordering of work steps across time and place, a business process can be decomposed into specific activities, measured, modeled, and improved.It can also be completely redesigned or eliminated altogether. Re-engineering identifies, analyzes, and re-designs an organization's core business processes with the aim of achieving dramatic improvements in critical performance measures, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. Re-engineering recognizes that an organization's business processes are usually fragmented into sub processes and tasks that are carried out by several specialized functional areas within the organization.Often, no one is responsible for the overall performance of the entire process. Re-engineering maintains that optimizing the performance of sub processes can result in some benefits, but cannot yield dr amatic improvements if the process itself is fundamentally inefficient and outmoded. For that reason, re-engineering focuses on re-designing the process as a whole in order to achieve the greatest possible benefits to the organization and their customers.This drive for realizing dramatic improvements by fundamentally re-thinking how the organization's work should be done distinguishes re-engineering from process improvement efforts that focus on functional or incremental improvement. 3. HISTORY In 1990, Michael Hammer, a former professor of computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), published an article in the Harvard Business Review, in which he claimed that the major challenge for managers is to obliterate forms of work that do not add value, rather than using technology for automating it.This statement implicitly accused managers of having focused on the wrong issues, namely that technology in general, and more specifically information technology, has be en used primarily for automating existing processes rather than using it as an enabler for making non-value adding work obsolete. Hammer's claim was simple: Most of the work being done does not add any value for customers, and this work should be removed, not accelerated through automation. Instead, companies should reconsider their processes in order to maximize customer value, while minimizing the consumption of resources required for delivering their product or service.A similar idea was advocated by Thomas H. Davenport and J. Short in 1990, at that time a member of the Ernst & Young research center, in a paper published in the Sloan Management Review This idea, to unbiased review a company’s business processes, was rapidly adopted by a huge number of firms, which were striving for renewed competitiveness, which they had lost due to the market entrance of foreign competitors, their inability to satisfy customer needs, and their insufficient cost structure.Even well-establi shed management thinkers, such as Peter Drucker and Tom Peters, were accepting and advocating BPR as a new tool for (re-)achieving success in a dynamic world. During the following years, a fast growing number of publications, books as well as journal articles, were dedicated to BPR, and many consulting firms embarked on this trend and developed BPR methods. However, the critics were fast to claim that BPR was a way to dehumanize the work place, increase managerial control, and to justify downsizing, i. e. major reductions of the ork force, and a rebirth of Taylorism under a different label. Despite this critique, reengineering was adopted at an accelerating pace and by 1993, as many as 60% of the Fortune 500 companies claimed to either have initiated reengineering efforts, or to have plans to do so. This trend was fueled by the fast adoption of BPR by the consulting industry, but also by the study Made in America, conducted by MIT, that showed how companies in many US industries had lagged behind their foreign counterparts in terms of competitiveness, time-to-market and productivity.Development after 1995 With the publication of critiques in 1995 and 1996 by some of the early BPR proponents, coupled with abuses and misuses of the concept by others, the reengineering fervor in the U. S. began to wane. Since then, considering business processes as a starting point for business analysis and redesign has become a widely accepted approach and is a standard part of the change methodology portfolio, but is typically performed in a less radical way as originally proposed.More recently, the concept of Business Process Management (BPM) has gained major attention in the corporate world and can be considered as a successor to the BPR wave of the 1990s, as it is evenly driven by a striving for process efficiency supported by information technology. Equivalently to the critique brought forward against BPR, BPM is now accused of focusing on technology and disregarding the pe ople aspects of change. 4. BPR METHODOLOGY BPR methodology is a structured sequence of activities that constitutes the typical BPR project. BPR refers to a re-design of business processes by using IT.Its methodology is to give a guideline or progress of how the business process to be re-designed. There are number of methodologies for an organization to practice. According to S. Muthu, L. Whitman and S. Hossein Cherahhi , there are 5 examples of BPR methodologies. To be simple, a consolidated methodology has been developed from those 5 methodologies. That is similar to the 5 phases mentioned in class: visioning, mobilization, process redesign, implementation and monitoring & maintaining. Fig 2 Phase 1: Triggering & Execution VisioningThis phase is to design the visions and directions that a company should go with in order to improve efficiency of the targeted business processes and customer satisfaction. In this stage, the organization should identify the reengineering opportunities, enabling technologies and direct impact on customers. Phase 2: Mobilization In this phase, a reengineering team should be formed. The team should outline the performance goals, BPR plan and budget. Processes to be redesigned should be selected. IT people are involved to make assessment on IT infrastructure and provide information for better business process redesign.Phase 3: Process Redesign This stage is to analyze and compare AS-IS processes and TO-BE processes. After identifying the potential improvements of the existing processes, modeling methods can be used to develop the TO-BE models. Integration can be done afterwards. Phase 4: Implementation Training programs are initiated in this stage to provide the skills of fitting the TO-BE processes. IT infrastructure and the organization are also need to be adjusted to fit the TO-BE processes. Phase 5: Monitoring and MaintainingThe new processes should be monitored and modified on a continuous basis, especially the progress of actio n and the results. To carry out a good BPR methodology, organizations are recommended to consider each phase carefully. Each phase should be comprehensive enough for execution to drive for a success in achieving the organization’s vision and strategy. Business Process Reengineering Principles * Organize around outcomes, not tasks . * Have those who use the output of the process perform the process. Subsume information-processing work into the real work that produces the information. * Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized. * Link parallel activities instead of integrating their results. * Put decision points where the work is performed and build controls into the process. * Capture information once and at the source. 5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BPR Business process reengineering (BPR) is a program that systemically breaks down the process a business uses and starts over with new, more efficient methods — basically a redesign o r a reboot.A business process is a collection of procedures, steps or activities the business uses to get the product from development to the customer. Businesses use BPR for various reasons, including cutting costs and improving overall production. Nevertheless, BPR also has its drawbacks. * Identifies Waste and Encourages Ideas The aim of BPR is to help businesses pinpoint obsolete steps, items or workers in a business process. For example, if four workers perform a task, the business may discover only two workers can get the job done during reengineering. BPR encourages employee input and participation.The workers who have familiarity with the processes under study can point out flaws and voice ideas for improvement. * Requires Investment and the Right Business Types BPR typically requires an investment, particularly in technology. Outdated methods, such as doing a task by hand, face replacement by computer programs. The programs improve efficiency and reduce errors, but the comp any must invest in the software and training, a costly option for companies looking to cut expenses immediately. Not all business types benefit from BPR. For example, a manufacturing company may not have the option of edesigning processes without sacrificing safety or product quality. * Cuts Costs and Improves Functionality Removing unnecessary steps cuts down on time and confusion among workers. Assigning tasks that multiple workers would typically handle to one worker gives customers a clear point of contact for help or service. Even by investing more money in technology at the start, companies typically save money over time with the redesigned methods. For example, improving or updating electronic components incurs an up-front cost, but saves money over time by eliminating errors due to outdated components. Lowers Worker Morale Some workers may not adapt to the BPR changes, and those assigned new responsibilities can become overwhelmed. Other workers become obsolete if their prim ary function is eliminated as part of a process overhaul. Management must provide support and guidance during BPR. Failure of the management team to assist workers and set an example during the BPR process may lead to failure, disorganization and staff problems. RISKS IN BPR * Advocates report failure rates of 50% to 70% * Sutcliffe [1999] reviewed difficulties * Employee resistance to change * Inadequate attention to employee concerns Inappropriate staffing * Inadequate tools * Mismatch of strategies & goals * Lack of oversight * Failure of leadership commitment 6. CASE STUDY- II Mahindra & Mahindra: Implementing BPR Abstract: The case examines the reasons behind automobile major Mahindra & Mahindra's decision to implement a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) program. The case explores in detail the implementation procedure at the company and the benefits that accrued from the BPR program. In addition, the case discusses the concept of BPR, its benefits, and the steps that need t o be taken to ensure the success of such initiatives.Issues: Examine the benefits that a BPR program can offer to an organization when it is effectively implemented M;M's Problem Plants In the mid-1990s, India's largest multi utility vehicle (MUV) and tractor manufacturer M;M was facing serious problems at its Igatpuri and Kandivili plants in Maharashtra. The plants were suffering from manufacturing inefficiencies, poor productivity, long production cycle, and sub-optimal output. The reason: highly under-productive, militantly unionized, and bloated workforces.The company had over the years been rather lenient towards running the plants and had frequently crumbled under the pressure of union demands. The work culture was also reportedly very unhealthy and corruption was widespread in various departments. Alarmed at the plant's dismal condition, Chairman Keshub Mahindra tried to address the problem by sacking people who allegedly indulged in corrupt practices. M&M also tried to imple ment various voluntary retirement schemes (VRS), but the unions refused to cooperate and the company was unable to reduce the labor force.During this period, M&M was in the process of considering the implementation of a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) program throughout the organization including the manufacturing units. Because of the problems at the Igatpuri and Kandivili plants, M&M decided to implement the program speedily at its manufacturing units. The program, developed with the help of the UK-based Lucas Engineering Systems, was first implemented on an experimental basis at the engine plant in Igatpuri. Simultaneously, an exercise was initiated to assess the potential benefits of implementing BPR and its effect on the unions.M&M's management was not surprised to learn that the unions expressed extreme displeasure at the decision to implement BPR and soon went on a strike. However, this time around, the management made it clear that it would not succumb to union demands. Soon, the workers were surprised to see the company's senior staff come down to the plant and work in their place. With both the parties refusing to work out an agreement, observers began casting doubts on the future of the company's grand plans of reaping the benefits of BPR. Background NoteMahindra ; Mahindra Ltd. (M;M) was the flagship company of the Mahindra group, one of the top ten industrial houses in India. The company's history dates back to 1945, when two brothers, J. C. Mahindra and K. C. Mahindra, decided to start a business of general-purpose utility vehicles. The brothers formed a company, Mahindra & Mohammed Ltd. , in association with their friend Ghulam Mohammed. In October 1947, the first batch of 75 jeeps was released for the Indian market. In 1948, the company was renamed Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.Over the next few decades, the group promoted many companies in areas as diverse as hotels, financial services, auto components, information technology, infrastructure de velopment and trading to name a few (Refer Exhibit I for M&M's history). Though M;M had established itself in the markets and was among the leading players in many of the segments it operated in, it realized that some of its businesses were not closely related to its core business. This realization marked the beginning of the biggest change exercise since the company's inception. In 1994, a major restructuring exercise was initiated as part of a BPR program.M&M introduced a new organizational model, in which various divisions and companies were regrouped into six distinct clusters of related businesses, each headed by a president. M&M's core activities, automotive and tractors were made autonomous business units. The other activities of the group were organized into infrastructure, trade and financial services, telecommunication and automotive components. According to company sources, the whole exercise was intended to develop a conceptual map to provide direction for the future gro wth of various business lines.It was decided that, in future, the group would confine its expansion to the identified thrust sectors. The two main operating divisions of the company were the automotive division, which manufactured UVs and LCVs, and the farm equipment division, which made tractors and farm implements. The company employed over 17,000 people and had six state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities spread over 500,000 square meters. The plants were situated at Kandivili (MUVs and Tractors), Nasik (MUVs), Zaheerabad (LCVs, Voyager, three-wheelers), Igatpuri (Engines) andNagpur (Implements and tractors) Excerpts About BPR The concept of BPR was popularized in the early 1990s by Michael Hammer and James Champy in their best-selling book, ‘Reengineering the Corporation. ‘ The authors said that radical redesign and reorganization of an enterprise was necessary to lower costs and increase the quality of service. According to them, IT was the key enabler for that rad ical change. Hammer and Champy felt that the design of the workflow in most large corporations was based on assumptions about technology, people and organizational goals that were no longer valid.They recommended seven principles of reengineering for streamlining work processes and, consequently, achieving significant levels of improvement in quality, time management and cost (Refer Table I)†¦ M;M's Experience with BPR By the mid-1990s, BPR had become a popular tool globally, with many leading organizations implementing it. However, when M&M undertook the exercise, it was still a new concept in India. M&M's workforce, as mentioned earlier, resisted this attempt to reengineer the organization.Soon after the senior staff began working on the shop floors, the first signs of the benefits of BPR became evident. Around a 100 officers produced 35 engines a day as compared to the 1200 employees producing 70 engines in the pre-BPR days. After five months, the workers ended the strike an d began work in exchange for a 30% wage hike. As the situation returned to normalcy, BPR implementation gained momentum. M;M realized that it would have to focus on two issues when implementing the BPR program: reengineering the layout and method of working, and productivity†¦ The FutureSumming up the company's BPR experience, Anand Mahindra said, â€Å"Let me put it in a simple way. If we have facilities in Kandivili today, which are not just surviving but thriving, it is all due to BPR. 8. CONCLUSION The reengineering profoundly changes all aspects of business and people. Part of the organization is easy to change by reinventing a way to work. However, the other part, people, is very difficult to change. In particular, it requires not only jobs and skills change but also people's styles – the ways in which they think and behave – and their attitudes – what they believe is important about their work.These are indispensable factors to determine whether ree ngineering succeeds or not. Leaders must help people to cope with these changes. 9. REFERENCES * Business Process Change: Reengineering Concepts, Methods, and Technologies by Varun Autor Grover and William J. Kettinger * Business process reengineering: breakpoint strategies for market dominance by Henry J. Johansson * Business process reengineering: an executive resource for implementation by Harold S. Resnick * www. bus. iastate. edu/ for case study references.

Free Essays on Proctor & Gamble Case Study

Background Proctor & Gamble (P&G) is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of a wide array of products, including many household grocery items – antiperspirants, baby care, household cleaners, skin care, fabric care, food & beverages, laundry, etc. At the end of 2001, P&G had net sales of over $39.2 billion1. P&G is known as a dominant, aggressive developer and marketer of high-quality consumer goods. Their stock prices have returned almost 500% return in the last decade alone.2 They have been in business for over 150 years. Early on, the P&G growth strategy was isolated in three main areas – acquisitions, developing new product brands (as well as further developing existing brands), and globalization. Because of a law-suit in 1957 regarding acquisitions, P&G was forced to focus on new branding and international expansion over the next twenty years3. Focusing on the international aspect of business, P&G aggressively expanded their domestic household products by merely duplicating the U.S. products and marketing them into global markets. From 1953 to 1985, P&G went from an International portfolio of zero to $4 billion. Ed Artzt, the president of P&G International, refined their products by actually tailoring them to each individual global market. This refinement of marketing enabled P&G to jump to $15 billion in International sales by 1993. Ed Artzt became the CEO of P&G in 19904. Regarding the development of existing and new brands, P Food/Beverage; Paper; Soap; and Special Products (i.e. chemicals). Within each sector were product categories. Each category was then in charge of a group of brands. Interestingly, in the 1980’s P&G, as well as other manufacturers, grew to accept the ‘forward buying’ of promoted merchandise. By the mid 1980’s, the industry stocked a 3 month supply of many brands5. This was obviously a tremendous disadvantag... Free Essays on Proctor & Gamble Case Study Free Essays on Proctor & Gamble Case Study Background Proctor & Gamble (P&G) is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of a wide array of products, including many household grocery items – antiperspirants, baby care, household cleaners, skin care, fabric care, food & beverages, laundry, etc. At the end of 2001, P&G had net sales of over $39.2 billion1. P&G is known as a dominant, aggressive developer and marketer of high-quality consumer goods. Their stock prices have returned almost 500% return in the last decade alone.2 They have been in business for over 150 years. Early on, the P&G growth strategy was isolated in three main areas – acquisitions, developing new product brands (as well as further developing existing brands), and globalization. Because of a law-suit in 1957 regarding acquisitions, P&G was forced to focus on new branding and international expansion over the next twenty years3. Focusing on the international aspect of business, P&G aggressively expanded their domestic household products by merely duplicating the U.S. products and marketing them into global markets. From 1953 to 1985, P&G went from an International portfolio of zero to $4 billion. Ed Artzt, the president of P&G International, refined their products by actually tailoring them to each individual global market. This refinement of marketing enabled P&G to jump to $15 billion in International sales by 1993. Ed Artzt became the CEO of P&G in 19904. Regarding the development of existing and new brands, P Food/Beverage; Paper; Soap; and Special Products (i.e. chemicals). Within each sector were product categories. Each category was then in charge of a group of brands. Interestingly, in the 1980’s P&G, as well as other manufacturers, grew to accept the ‘forward buying’ of promoted merchandise. By the mid 1980’s, the industry stocked a 3 month supply of many brands5. This was obviously a tremendous disadvantag...

The Importance of Deductive Reasoning Essays - Reasoning, Logic

The Importance of Deductive Reasoning Essays - Reasoning, Logic The Importance of Deductive Reasoning CRT/205 April 6, 2014 Captain E.F. Rollins The Importance of Deductive Reasoning The reason that it is important to understand what is known prior to making a decision is you cannot make a good decision without knowing what it is that you are deciding on. For example in Argument 2, Mark wants to lease his dream vehicle, a Jeep, and to continue to live life without considering his growing family (University of Phoenix, n.d.). Sally, on the other hand, wants to buy a van with all the bells and whistles (University of Phoenix, n.d.). Each are not considering the actual issue which is they need a reliable vehicle within their price range. Because Mark and Sally are not focused on what they should be deciding on, they will make a poor decision such as a car that is not suitable for a family or a car they cannot afford. The role of deductive reasoning in the decision making process is it helps you determine all the important facts regarding making a decision. Argument 3 is about buying a home versus renting an apartment (University of Phoenix, n.d.). This argument outlines good reasons to buy instead of rent such as low interest rates, deduction of interest on taxes, and more privacy (University of Phoenix, n.d.). What the argument does not address is the down side to owning a home. Home repairs should be considered when weighing whether to buy or rent since some repairs can be quite costly. Also, where the home is located, whether the home is affordable and added cost of insurance and taxes in the mortgage should be deciding factors in this decision. Without taking everything in consideration, a first time buyer could end up making a huge error in their decision making process by purchasing a home they cannot afford or purchasing a home in an undesirable neighborhood. The way the process of deductive reasoning aids in understanding an argument is by helping you separate relevant information from irrelevant information. In Argument 5 regarding whether or not to cheat, Cyndi is trying to convince Jenna that it is ok to cheat because everyone does it and everyone needs extra help sometimes (University of Phoenix, n.d.). These claims are irrelevant and not valid. What is relevant is Jenna maintaining academic honesty in submitting work that is her own (University of Phoenix, n.d.). If Jenna does not use deductive reasoning and separate the relevant from the irrelevant, she could be swayed by Cyndi to make the decision to cheat and face serious consequences like being expelled from school. REFERENCES University of Phoenix. (n.d.). Deductive reasoning. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CRT205 - Critical Thinking website. University of Phoenix. (2012). What is critical thinking, anyway? Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CRT205 - Critical Thinking website.

Wk4(31)disc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk4(31)disc - Essay Example They also suggest that the furniture in the room should be inviting, which I agree. I think that the office of a therapist should reflect their own personality in some way and that books and paintings on the wall will give the client a "first impression" that will either make them want to stay or leave immediately. Carl Rogers said that listening was the most important skill that a counselor could have and I believe that listening can build instant rapport. Many times people who come to counseling have not been listened to and by listening; the therapist has brought them immediately into the space. Rogers linked listening with empathy, according to Intentional Interviewing and Counseling, and I feel that this does show empathy to the client. When I have been interviewed for anything, a person who listens intently makes me feel as though they understand me and want to get to know me better. This is a skill that I believe makes up a majority of the counseling profession. I think that when the environment matches the counselors attitude and personality that it is easi er for a client to stay focused and be at peace to share what they need to share in the counseling relationship. Although most counselors would want to believe that they do not have biases, I know that we all have them. I think that much of my bias comes from people that I do not know well or who go against my moral code. One of the groups that I have had to learn more about is those who are from the Middle East. Because they have been so much a part of the challenges that we face with the War in Iraq and because they have been accused of being terrorists, it is difficult to work with this client because I am never sure what they are really thinking. I am always hesitant to approach an individual who looks like they are from the Middle East because of this bias. If I felt

Analysis for Isle of Wight Food Show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis for Isle of Wight Food Show - Essay Example Wiley Events has been the leading event organising company in the IOW. Micro-environment 1.1 The Isle of Wight (IOW) Food Show The IOW has organised the food show for the 3rd time, generally taking place in the first weekend of May. The IOW food show is jointly organised by Isle of Wight Tourism, Isle of White Chamber of Commerce, the Island Traders’ Association and Wiley Events. It is a two-day event taking place from 1pm to 6 pm. Entry to the festival is free as per the Needles Park pay per attraction policy. Exhibitors are charged ?200 for the services rendered to them. Venue of the food show is Needles Park, Alum Bay in the North West of the island. Various stakeholders to the food show include accommodation providers, event organisers, transporters, visitor attractions, the local council and DMO. 1.2 Wiley Events Wiley Events has been the leader in the line of bespoke event management since 2001. Teddy Toddington and Pippa Powell, the partners of Wiley Events carry 20 yea rs experience in event organising. Both are experts in their own right and divide job functions as per their acumen in different event management functions. Wiley is also into advisory role of offering consultancy services to other companies particularly in the areas of sales, operations and administration. 1.3 Isle of Wight Tourism There are 21 specific touring sites, as identified by tourism data. Caravan sites also organise touring and camping, capturing 8% visitors of the event market. Summer is the peak season of tourism in the IOW when occupancy rate is 80%, which reduces to 37% in the spring and 19% in the autumn season. There are 60 worth-seeing sites, as per the Attractions Mini-guide 2005 and places of interest could be 200, as taken from the Tourism Baseline Audit 2003. Macro-environment 1.4 The Isle of Wight – Tourism destination – economy, social, cultural trends, physical environment, business environment Measuring 23 miles by 13 miles, the Isle of Wight boasts of near about 2.6 million visitors each year with an approximate tourism spend of ?352 million a year, tourism being 24% of the Island’s GDP and the first tourism destination to encourage quality and supervised stay facility; Once reaching to the Isle of Wright, one finds the transport infrastructure fully customised for visitors’ comfort. Cultural trends include such events as Taste Festivals, which are held at various places to celebrate local culinary talent. Business environment is very competitive with the Isle of Wight remaining on the top by getting awards for organising festivals, just to name the winning of music festival as the ‘Best Major Festival’ while the award for ‘Best Medium Size Festival’ was cornered for the third year consecutively. Business on the island depends on the initiatives of the stakeholders to use tourism as a tool to re-energise the economy. Success in leveraging this tool can be doubtful if only the trad itional niche area of the tourism portfolio is given attention by focussing just on summer holiday customers and coach and school group market. To reap the benefit, investment on facility and quality staff provision is mandatory otherwise actual contribution of tourism in the local economy would slow down. Negative outcomes can appear in traffic snarls to the displeasure of local people and affecting environment and standard of living. Businesses won’t be able to expand to raise the quality benchmark. Public sector can withdraw support if any of the symptoms

Religion Changing Societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion Changing Societies - Essay Example In due time, this has caused societal pluralism with religion being viewed as an objective to individuals within a society (Santa, 5). This paper covers the effect of religion in the society, how religion raises questions on identity and questions the concept of identity, and lastly how it creates a dilemma between faith and way of life. Religion Changing Societies Even though religion has sparked a lot of debate, it has influenced the society both positively and negatively. It has attracted massive changes within the societies. A better example of how religion has been linked with the modern societies is politics. Furthermore, the voting patterns are largely determined along religious lines. Religion plays a major role when it comes to governing a nation. Some religions worldwide are entrenched in archaic modes of thoughts and have failed to launch new life in the societies. Some are co-opted by patriotisms; thus, are used to further various furies. This has worked to divide people, based on an individual religious belief (Herz, and Peter, 25). In the current face of pluralism, Elshtain in â€Å"toleration, proselytizing, and the politics of recognition†, offers â€Å"toleration†, as a way of being liberal and democratic to religious pluralism without causing any prejudice on a given religion belief whatsoever. This involves freedom to share ones religious beliefs joyfully, manifesting views so that others may consider it, rather than imposing one's faith to others; thus, ensuring a happy coexistence (Elshtain, 89-93). This has led to more liberal and democratic societies. This has been echoed by Witte in The Rights and Limits of Proselytism in the New Religious World Order (Witte, 109) He emphasizes on the need for individuals to choose their own religious affiliation in a religious pluralism society, although this has not had a smooth sailing as other religions such as Muslim allow for easy conversion into their faith (Witte, 109) Religion, Ide ntity and Citizenship With religion being a core aspect to be considered within any society, the idea of coming up with legislation governing such societies may sometimes be challenging without causing any religious prejudice, with the advent of religious pluralism. Particularly, France has held to her â€Å"lay state (laicite)†, implying a secular state of religious freedom without preference for any religious affiliation. These may not necessarily mean secularization, rather a way of bringing harmony within a religious pluralism society (Davie and Schafer, 5). Religious views, convictions and practices are seen as belonging to the private sphere of existence rather than in the public realm. It is true that religion is a crucial factor of social identity, being identified with a given religion means having a shared religious beliefs and practices and behavior that brings about the uniqueness within a large cosmopolitan society with religious pluralism in some cases (Appiah, 44-47). Despite an individual’s affiliation to a given religion, he/she has the right as a citizen to participate in decisions involving collective life together. These should be done without any religious prejudice, and thus, treated equally. This eliminates any hierarchy of faith (Mehta, 66). With Religious pluralism, the best way to tackle the issue of identity and citizenship in respect to one's religious affilia

Returning to School Essay Example for Free

Returning to School Essay Returning to school was one of the important decisions, I have made about my future. I will be discussing my reasons for returning to school. Such as setting a good example for my children and getting a higher education. Returning to school was a very important decision for many reasons that include setting a good example for my children and carrier advancement. I firmly believe in leading by example, and I want them to see that if I can do it, they can do it as well. I am determined to be the best role model that I can possibly be. My decision in obtaining a Higher education is the key for my present and future as it will be for them. Without it I have gotten about as far as I can with my current employer and I would be left with the feeling as if I have sold myself short. If I get a college education, I will have something to help me get the job that I want and deserve. Even though higher education, Reasons on returning to school because Setting an example for my children and Getting a higher education. I have had several jobs over the years. The majority of them have been in nursing in one form or another, my current job is a Certified Nursing Assistant at a nursing home, and prior to that I was a Certified Nursing Assistant doing private duty for over ten years. I am working towards a Bachelor’s Degree in Healthcare Administration in Long Term Care. I know that once I receive my degree I will be qualified for a variety of jobs. The job that I would like the most would be a Administrator in a nursing home. I want to help others who don’t have the means to help themselves. Most of all I can’t stand seeing elderly people who are not properly cared for, especially those who just don’t seem to care about their well being. This is not the first attempt I have made to return to school, this is actually the second. I tried returning to school once before while working and partying before I had kids. At first everything went fairly well but over a short period of time I realized the work load would prove to be too much. I was working eighty plus hours every two weeks which did not allow for me to have the proper amount of time to spend studying so I had to end up dropping out. Pursuing a degree in Healthcare Administration in Long Term Care can help in many ways. It will help me develop communication skills. After reviewing the description of Healthcare Administration in Long Term Care and talking it over with my academic advisor, I decided to go with it. With this degree I could start my own business. Work for a non-profit organization. Also I could simply decide to pursue a management position with my current employer. I have a wide range of work I can find with this degree. I know I picked the right degree and the right time to return to school. The benefits of obtaining a college degree have been obvious. Getting a higher education to get a better job and higher salary is definitely a benefit. Setting an example and being a role model for my four children is reward enough.

Computer Technology :: essays research papers

A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions or program and the carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information. ("Computer" Encarta). It also performs calculations and processes information with astonishing speed and precision. Computer Technology has improved our lives. It will continue to affect our future which will lead to an easier, less complicated lifestyle, with more job opportunities and their benefits. ("Computer." America On-line).The modern world of high technology could not have come about except for the development of the computer. (Astle 1). Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret government files to banking transactions to private household accounts.("Computer" Encarta). Research and development in the computer world moves simultaneously along two-paths hardware designs and software innovations work in each are alternately influences the other.("The Future Of Computers" America On-line)Computers help people in many different ways, but many people prefer to use paper and pencil to write and to use folders and file cabinets to organize there papers. ("The Future of Computers." America On-line.) Many people in the world use computers to make their lives easier. Such advances computer technology will benefit us all. People use computers for research, organization, writing, communication for personal or business matters and even to look up stock updates. (Astle 786). Whether it is personal or business, computers can help make our daily life easier. Typing is quicker and easier and its also a lot neater than hand writing. When you type on a computer you can look at them and open them a lot faster than having a folder of papers you have to carry around where ever you go. (Masters 654). Computers can also help with editing a paper, they can even check spelling and grammar. Typing on a computer today is probably the most common way people write there research papers, reports and other documents for school and business.("How Computers Make Your Life Easier" America On-line).Families can use computers to keep in touch with each other through E-mail.They help people talk with others all around the world, using different services and methods. ("Information Superhighway." America On-line). Since computers are used all over the world for research, almost all libraries and museums are based on computers. ("How Computers Make Your Life Easier" America On-line).

Causes of World War II Essay

World War II was the biggest, deadliest, and scariest war of all time. It was obvious that it was coming to. Hitler was taking over Germany. He was sentencing Jews to concentration camps. He was plotting to rid the world of Jews and eventually take over the world. War was coming and everyone knew it. Everyone wanted to do something to stop it, but it was no use. As stated in Document 9, â€Å"neither the people nor the government of Britain and France were conditioned to the idea of war. † Keith Eubank said that in the Origins of World War II. Britain knew war was coming, France knew war was coming, and Germany even knew war was coming. World War II was inevitable. Many things built up to the eventual outcome; war. As stated in Document 5, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain explains why he favored peace, but he knew eventually it would end up as war. He says, â€Å" If we have to fight, it must be on larger issues than that. . . . I am a man of peace. . . . Yet if I were sure that any nation had made up its mind to dominate the world by fear of its force, I should feel that it must be resisted. . . . But war is a fearful thing. Hitler was trying to take over the world, and that is exactly what Chamberlain feared. It is also a reason why World War II began. In 1939, the world was plunged into World War II. Nobody wanted it to happen. But nobody could prevent it from happening. Hitler was continuing with his dream of taking over the world while at the same time ridding the world of Jews. Hitler was taking over one country at a time with the help of Italy. As stated in Document 2, Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia, asked the League of Nations for help during Italy’s invasion of their country. The League of Nation’s response was ineffective. Selassie then said these words, â€Å"God and history will remember your judgement. . . . . It is us today. It will be you tomorrow. † What he means by that is that Hitler will not stop there. He will keep pushing and pushing until he has what he wants. He is saying that the League of Nations will to lose control to the Nazis. Different nations had different ways to handle the Nazis though. There were two responses to the aggression caused: collective security and appeasement. Collective Security is a system by which states have attempted to prevent or stop wars. Under a collective security arrangement, an aggressor against any one state is considered an aggressor against all other states, which act together to repel the aggressor. Appeasement was basically giving Germany whatever they wanted to not start a war. Appeasement did not work because Hitler agreed to take the Sudetenland, and Hitler promised to recognize Czech’s new boundary lines, but six months later, he took over all of Czech. As stated in Document 4, â€Å"There is to be no European war. . . . the price of the peace is. . . the ceding by the Czechoslovakia of the Sudeten territory to Herr Hitler’s Germany. † Hitler was not a man of his word because a very short time later, he took over Czech. World War II was undoubtedly, the biggest and costliest war of all time. People were dying all the time. Hitler had enslaved the Jews in concentration camps. Everything was falling apart. If the U. S. hadn’t stepped in to help, who knows where we would have been right now. Europe could all be Germany. There might be no Jewish people left. We are lucky because this entire war could have gone a completely different way.